Acute Respiratory Viral Infection (ARVI) is one of the most common illnesses, affecting millions of people annually. Although many consider it a “cold,” ARVI is caused by viruses such as rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and others. It is essential to understand how to treat ARVI while avoiding unnecessary expenses and potentially harmful methods.
ARVI Symptoms
Before beginning treatment, let’s clarify the typical symptoms of ARVI:
- Fever and chills
- Sore throat
- Cough
- Runny or congested nose
- General weakness, headache, body aches
When Should You See a Doctor?
ARVI usually resolves on its own, but there are situations when medical attention is necessary:
- High fever (above 38.5°C) lasts for more than three days.
- Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or chest pain.
- Symptoms worsen after 5–7 days.
- Symptoms occur against the background of chronic diseases.
Main Treatment Methods for ARVI
- Rest and Regimen Maintenance The body uses energy to fight the virus, so it is crucial to ensure adequate rest and sleep, which helps the immune system combat the infection.
- Maintaining Hydration Ample fluid intake (water, sugar-free compotes, teas) helps prevent dehydration and ease symptoms like sore throat and dry cough. With a fever, fluid loss increases, making hydration especially important.
- Symptomatic Treatment Evidence-based medicine does not recommend taking medications unnecessarily. Instead, focus on relieving symptoms:
- Paracetamol or Ibuprofen: These are safe and effective for reducing fever above 38°C and relieving pain, provided that dosages are followed.
- Nasal Rinse Solutions (saline, seawater): These help reduce congestion and clear nasal passages, making breathing easier.
- Warm Tea with Honey and Lemon: Although an old remedy, it can genuinely help ease a sore throat.
- What is Not Recommended
- Antibiotics: It is important to understand that ARVI is caused by viruses, and antibiotics are only effective against bacteria. Not only do they not help with ARVI, but they can also cause side effects and contribute to bacterial resistance.
- Immunomodulators and Interferons: In some countries, these drugs are marketed as cold remedies, but evidence-based medicine does not confirm their effectiveness against ARVI.
- Vitamins and Supplements: Although vitamin C and zinc are often advertised as cold preventatives, their effect on ARVI is minimal. Including them in treatment is not necessary.
- Folk Remedies Some methods may be helpful but should be recognized as symptom relievers rather than cures. These include:
- Steam Inhalation: May relieve nasal congestion, but take care to avoid burns.
- Saltwater Gargle: Temporarily eases sore throat discomfort.
- Raspberry Tea: Does not reduce fever but encourages mild sweating.
Treating ARVI: Effective Methods for Managing Acute Respiratory Viral Infections
Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are among the most common illnesses, affecting millions of people worldwide every year. These infections are caused by various viruses, including rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and others, and primarily impact the upper respiratory tract. While ARVI is typically mild and self-limiting, it can cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Effective treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms, preventing complications, and supporting the body’s natural recovery processes.
Symptoms of ARVI usually appear one to three days after exposure to the virus and can include nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, cough, headache, fever, and fatigue. In some cases, additional symptoms such as muscle aches or chills may occur. These symptoms can vary in severity, depending on the individual’s immune response and overall health.
Treatment for ARVI does not involve antibiotics, as these infections are viral, and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Instead, management focuses on symptomatic relief and supportive care. Adequate rest is essential to allow the body to recover. Staying hydrated helps thin mucus, making it easier to expel and reducing nasal congestion. Warm fluids, such as herbal teas or broths, soothe the throat and alleviate discomfort.
Over-the-counter medications can be useful for managing specific symptoms. For fever and body aches, antipyretics and analgesics like paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen are effective. Decongestant nasal sprays or drops can temporarily relieve nasal congestion but should not be used for more than three consecutive days to avoid rebound congestion. Cough syrups or lozenges may help ease a sore throat and reduce coughing. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before using medications, especially for children, pregnant individuals, or those with underlying health conditions.
Steam inhalation and humidifiers can be beneficial for soothing irritated airways and relieving nasal congestion. Adding eucalyptus or menthol to the steam may enhance the effect, although caution is advised to avoid burns. Saline nasal sprays or rinses are safe and effective for clearing nasal passages and reducing irritation.
While most ARVI cases resolve within 7–10 days, complications such as sinusitis, bronchitis, or secondary bacterial infections may arise, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic health conditions. Warning signs, including persistent high fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, or worsening symptoms, require immediate medical attention.
Preventing ARVI involves adopting good hygiene practices. Washing hands frequently with soap and water, using hand sanitizers, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing reduce the risk of transmission. Strengthening the immune system through a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, regular physical activity, sufficient sleep, and stress management also contributes to better resistance against infections.
Vaccination, particularly against influenza, is a key preventive measure during flu season. While vaccines do not protect against all types of ARVI, they significantly reduce the risk of severe illness from specific viral strains.
In conclusion, treating ARVI focuses on relieving symptoms, supporting recovery, and preventing complications. Most cases can be effectively managed at home with proper rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications. However, recognizing warning signs and seeking timely medical advice are essential for addressing complications. By following preventive measures and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, individuals can reduce the risk of ARVI and its impact on their daily lives.
Conclusion
ARVI is an illness that generally resolves on its own, and proper treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and supporting the body. Following evidence-based recommendations helps avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful medications. The main focus should be on rest, ample hydration, and symptomatic therapy.
Preventing ARVI also includes regular hand washing, avoiding contact with sick people, ventilating rooms, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
