Gastrointestinal tract infections (GI infections) are inflammatory processes caused by bacterial, viral, or parasitic agents. These conditions can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Recognizing the signs of gastrointestinal tract infection can help seek timely medical attention.
Key Symptoms
- Diarrhea
The most common symptom, linked to disrupted water balance in the intestines. It can be watery or contain blood, often indicating a bacterial infection. - Nausea and Vomiting
These symptoms occur as the body’s response to toxins released by infectious agents. - Abdominal Pain
Pain can be sharp or cramping, often localized in the stomach area. - Fever
An elevated body temperature indicates a systemic reaction to infection. - Bloating
Excess gas and a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen are also frequent symptoms. - Weakness and Fatigue
Due to dehydration and impaired nutrient absorption. - Appetite Changes
Loss of appetite or refusal to eat accompanies many gastrointestinal infections.
Possible Causes
- Bacterial Infections: Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli.
- Viral Infections: Rotavirus, Norovirus.
- Parasitic Infections: Giardia, Amoebas.
When to See a Doctor?
- Symptoms persist for more than 2–3 days.
- High fever above 38.5°C.
- Blood in stool.
- Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, infrequent urination).
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis includes stool analysis, blood tests, and imaging techniques (e.g., ultrasound). Treatment depends on the pathogen:
- Antibiotics — for bacterial infections.
- Antiviral medications — for viral infections.
- Rehydration therapy to restore water-electrolyte balance.
